A new environment property,jdk.jndi.ldap.mechsAllowedToSendCredentials, has been added tocontrol which LDAP authentication mechanisms are allowed to sendcredentials over clear LDAP connections - a connection not securedwith TLS. An encrypted LDAP connection is a connection openedby using ldaps scheme, or a connection opened by using ldap schemeand then upgraded to TLS with a STARTTLS extended operation.
This version of the JDK no longer includes Java Mission Control (JMC). The jmc launcher has been removed from the JDK bin directory, and the missioncontrol directory has been removed from the JDK lib directory. The .jfr file association is not registered by JDK installers. JMC is now available as a separate download. Please visit for more information.
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The Swing GTK Look & Feel in JDK 7u depends on GTK2 libraries provided by the OS. If these are not pre-installed, please download them from your OS vendor's software repository. In the event the vendor no longer supports or provides GTK2, then the GTK2 based Swing Look & Feel will also be unsupported.
The DES-related Kerberos 5 encryption types are not supported by default. These encryption types can be enabled by adding allow_weak_crypto=true in the krb5.conf file, but DES-related encryption types are considered highly insecure and should be avoided.
This release introduces a new feature whereby the JCE jurisdiction policy files used by the JDK can be controlled via a new Security property. In older releases, JCE jurisdiction files had to be downloaded and installed separately to allow unlimited cryptography to be used by the JDK. The download and install steps are no longer necessary. To enable unlimited cryptography, one can use the new crypto.policy Security property. If the new Security property (crypto.policy) is set in the java.security file, or has been set dynamically using the Security.setProperty() call before the JCE framework has been initialized, that setting will be honored. By default, the property will be undefined. If the property is undefined and the legacy JCE jurisdiction files don't exist in the legacy lib/security directory, then the default cryptographic level will remain at 'limited'. To configure the JDK to use unlimited cryptography, set the crypto.policy to a value of 'unlimited'. See the notes in the java.security file shipping with this release for more information.
The secure validation mode of the XML Signature implementation has been enhanced to restrict RSA and DSA keys less than 1024 bits by default as they are no longer secure enough for digital signatures. Additionally, a new security property named jdk.xml.dsig.SecureValidationPolicy has been added to the java.security file and can be used to control the different restrictions enforced when the secure validation mode is enabled.
The secure validation mode is enabled either by setting the xml signature property org.jcp.xml.dsig.secureValidation to true with the javax.xml.crypto.XMLCryptoContext.setProperty method, or by running the code with a SecurityManager.
If an XML Signature is generated or validated with a weak RSA or DSA key, an XMLSignatureException will be thrown with the message, "RSA keys less than 1024 bits are forbidden when secure validation is enabled" or "DSA keys less than 1024 bits are forbidden when secure validation is enabled".
Oracle strongly recommends that Java users who have downloaded affected versions and plan future installations with these downloaded versions discard these old downloads. Java users who have installed the January 2016 Critical Patch Update versions of Java SE 6, 7, or 8 need take no action. Java users who have not installed the January 2016 Critical Patch Update versions of Java SE 6, 7, or 8 should upgrade to the Java SE 6, 7, or 8 releases from the Security Alert for CVE-2016-0603.
The MD5withRSA signature algorithm is now considered insecure and should no longer be used. Accordingly, MD5withRSA has been deactivated by default in the Oracle JSSE implementation by adding "MD5withRSA" to the "jdk.tls.disabledAlgorithms" security property. Now, both TLS handshake messages and X.509 certificates signed with MD5withRSA algorithm are no longer acceptable by default. This change extends the previous MD5-based certificate restriction ("jdk.certpath.disabledAlgorithms") to also include handshake messages in TLS version 1.2. If required, this algorithm can be reactivated by removing "MD5withRSA" from the "jdk.tls.disabledAlgorithms" security property.
Citrix Provisioning console to Provisioning server communication: While using Citrix Provisioning console to specify a Citrix Provisioning server, use a hostname instead of a numeric IP address. This implementation ensures that the insecure Windows NT LAN Manager (NTLM) protocol is not used and might be disabled on your network.If you want to use a numeric IP address, then you must configure the DNS reverse lookup zones to translate the IP address to a hostname.
Citrix Provisioning supports Citrix Hypervisor 8.1 functionality, guest UEFI boot, and secure boot. This functionality enables VMs running Windows 10 (64-bit), Windows Server 2016 (64-bit), or Windows Server 2019 (64-bit) to boot in UEFI mode. UEFI boot provides a richer interface for the guest operating systems to interact with the hardware, which can significantly reduce Windows VM boot times. See the Citrix Hypervisor documentation for more information.
When using UEFI, consider that this support extends to physical machines that support UEFI. Secure boot is only supported on Hyper-V 2016 and newer versions. ESX must use version 7.0 update 3 or later for secure boot implementations.
Model B rev. 2 also has a pad (called P5 on the board and P6 on the schematics) of 8 pins offering access to an additional 4 GPIO connections.[104] These GPIO pins were freed when the four board version identification links present in revision 1.0 were removed.[105]
The Raspberry Pi Foundation provides Raspberry Pi OS (formerly called Raspbian), a Debian-based Linux distribution for download, as well as third-party Ubuntu, Windows 10 IoT Core, RISC OS, LibreELEC (specialised media centre distribution)[155] and specialised distributions for the Kodi media centre and classroom management.[156] It promotes Python and Scratch as the main programming languages, with support for many other languages.[157] The default firmware is closed source, while unofficial open source is available.[158][159][160] Many other operating systems can also run on the Raspberry Pi. The formally verified microkernel seL4 is also supported.[161] There are several ways of installing multiple operating systems on one SD card.[162]
The official firmware is a freely redistributable[201] binary blob, that is proprietary software.[164] A minimal proof-of-concept open source firmware is also available, mainly aimed at initialising and starting the ARM cores as well as performing minimal startup that is required on the ARM side. It is also capable of booting a very minimal Linux kernel, with patches to remove the dependency on the mailbox interface being responsive. It is known to work on Raspberry Pi 1, 2 and 3, as well as some variants of Raspberry Pi Zero.[202]
In 2014, the Raspberry Pi Foundation hired a number of its community members including ex-teachers and software developers to launch a set of free learning resources for its website.[255] The Foundation also started a teacher training course called Picademy with the aim of helping teachers prepare for teaching the new computing curriculum using the Raspberry Pi in the classroom.[256]
For example, the device file /dev/urandom could be used as thesource of random data. Typically, this device gathers environmentalnoise from device drivers and other sources into an entropy pool, anduses the pool to generate random bits. If the pool is short of data,the device reuses the internal pool to produce more bits, using acryptographically secure pseudo-random number generator. But be awarethat this device is not designed for bulk random data generationand is relatively slow.
With each single file, produce column columns of output(default is 1) and print columns down, unless -a is used. Thecolumn width is automatically decreased as column increases; unlessyou use the -W/-w option to increase page_width as well.This option might well cause some lines to be truncated. The number oflines in the columns on each page are balanced. The options -eand -i are on for multiple text-column output. Together with-J option column alignment and line truncation is turned off.Lines of full length are joined in a free field format and -Soption may set field separators. -column may not be usedwith -m option.
Note: The MD5 digest is more reliable than a simple CRC (provided bythe cksum command) for detecting accidental file corruption,as the chances of accidentally having two files with identical MD5are vanishingly small. However, it should not be considered secureagainst malicious tampering: although finding a file with a given MD5fingerprint is considered infeasible at the moment, it is known howto modify certain files, including digital certificates, so that theyappear valid when signed with an MD5 digest. For more secure hashes,consider using SHA-2, or the newer b2sum command.See sha2 utilities. See b2sum invocation.
Note: The SHA-1 digest is more reliable than a simple CRC (provided bythe cksum command) for detecting accidental file corruption,as the chances of accidentally having two files with identical SHA-1are vanishingly small. However, it should not be considered secureagainst malicious tampering: although finding a file with a given SHA-1fingerprint is considered infeasible at the moment, it is known howto modify certain files, including digital certificates, so that theyappear valid when signed with an SHA-1 digest. For more secure hashes,consider using SHA-2, or the newer b2sum command.See sha2 utilities. See b2sum invocation.
Sort by hashing the input keys and then sorting the hash values.Choose the hash function at random, ensuring that it is free ofcollisions so that differing keys have differing hash values. This islike a random permutation of the inputs (see shuf invocation),except that keys with the same value sort together. 2ff7e9595c
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